Public image attribution records

United Kingdom: image credits

Credits, supplied modification notices and available original source and licence links. Existing documentation gaps are not a grant of reuse permission.

Image licensing and all credit directories

John Hume
Óli Gneisti, John Hume at City Hotel Derry (uploaded 23 June 2008), via Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 2.5. Original 2008 file revision; full supplied frame, unchanged. Complete supplied frame retained; WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Dorothy Hodgkin
Willy Pragher / Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Staatsarchiv Freiburg, W 134 Nr. 120813b. CC BY 3.0 DE. Complete supplied frame retained; WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Frederick Sanger
Willy Pragher / Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Staatsarchiv Freiburg, W 134 Nr. 062384b. CC BY 4.0. Complete supplied frame retained; WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Alan Turing
Wellcome Library, London / Wellcome Images, L0030978; photographer not established. Complete supplied frame retained; proportional reduction from 4852 × 3276 to 1800 × 1215 and WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Ada Lovelace
Possibly Alfred Edward Chalon, circa1840; Science Museum Group collection1995-0796; faithful reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Complete supplied frame retained; proportional reduction from 2439 × 3504 to 1253 × 1800 and WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Harry the Dirty Dog, original English Wikipedia photographer/uploader; CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Complete supplied frame retained; WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Alec Douglas-Home
Unidentified photographer for Anefo / CC0 1.0 Complete supplied frame retained; proportional reduction from 1737 × 2316 to 1350 × 1800 and WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Roy Jenkins
Jean-Louis Debaize / European Communities / CC BY 4.0 Complete supplied frame retained; proportional reduction from 2244 × 2244 to 1800 × 1800 and WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Denis Healey
Rob Mieremet / Anefo / CC0 1.0 Complete supplied frame retained; proportional reduction from 2524 × 2573 to 1766 × 1800 and WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Tony Benn
Isujosh / CC BY-SA 3.0 Complete supplied frame retained; WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Charles Darwin
Julia Margaret Cameron / Art Institute of Chicago, Alfred Stieglitz Collection, 1949.881. Public domain. Complete supplied frame retained; proportional reduction from 2417 × 3000 to 1450 × 1800 and WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Michael Faraday
Maull & Polyblank / Wellcome Collection 12691i. Public Domain Mark. Complete supplied frame retained; proportional reduction from 2209 × 3179 to 1251 × 1800 and WebP conversion only. No additional crop, retouching or enlargement.
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Winston Churchill
William George Horton, War Office official photographer, 21 November 1941; Imperial War Museums H 15674, via Wikimedia Commons. Exact file identifies expired UK Crown copyright (PD-UKGov); the IWM non-commercial reproduction offer is not the commercial-use basis. Complete supplied 1,854 × 1,772 frame proportionally reduced to WebP without cropping, enlargement, restoration or colourisation.
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Margaret Thatcher
White House Photographic Office, 29 September 1983; Thatcher MSS, Churchill Archives Centre, via Wikimedia Commons. The Margaret Thatcher Foundation’s exact record states that the U.S. Government waived copyright and permits free reproduction; Commons also identifies an official U.S. federal-government work. Uses the native 1,237 × 1,429 JPEG preserved in the January 2021 file-history entry, not the enlarged current version. Full two-person frame retained; proportional WebP conversion without cropping, enlargement or retouching.
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Richard Branson
Mat Hampson, “Richard Branson”, 12 June 2011, Canadian Grand Prix; Flickr original via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. Complete supplied 2736 × 3648 frame reduced and converted to WebP, without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. This image remains available under CC BY-SA 2.0; no endorsement implied.
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James Dyson
Michiel Hendryckx, “James Dyson 4”, described by the photographer as Dyson with his ContraRotator washing machine in 2000; scan uploaded in December 2012. CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Uses the archived original 4606 × 3035 scan, including its complete print borders, rather than the later cropped version. Reduced and converted to WebP without crop, enlargement, retouching or restoration; the image remains under CC BY-SA 3.0. No endorsement implied.
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William Shakespeare
Martin Droeshout, posthumous engraving on the complete 1623 First Folio title page; British Library G.11631, image 054772, released through its Flickr Commons account and item-specific CC0 Wikimedia record. Entire supplied 1042 × 1679 scan proportionally reduced to 993 × 1600 and converted to WebP without cropping, enlargement, restoration or retouching. An acknowledged historical likeness, not a photograph or a demonstrably life-sitting portrait.
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Charles Dickens
J. Gurney & Son, circa 1867; Library of Congress and National Museum of African American History and Culture, Emily Howland photograph album, p. 24, LCCN 2018645020, LC-DIG-ppmsca-54180. Official LOC Flickr image states no known publication restrictions; the card records 1867 U.S. copyright registration, now expired. Complete 625 × 1024 supplied portrait, card, inscription and scan borders converted to WebP without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration.
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Clement Attlee
W. T. Lockeyear / E. G. Malindine, No. 5 Army Film and Photographic Unit, 1 August 1945; Imperial War Museums BU 9496, via Wikimedia Commons. Attlee is seated at left, with Harry Truman and Joseph Stalin. Commercial reuse relies on expired UK Crown copyright (PD-UKGov), not the separate IWM non-commercial offer. Complete supplied 2,480 × 1,694 group frame retained and proportionally reduced to 1,200 × 820 WebP without cropping, enlargement or retouching.
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Robert Peel
Frederick Bromley, 1841 mezzotint portrait of Robert Peel; Welsh Portrait Collection, National Library of Wales, via Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain Mark; historical artwork, not a photograph of Peel. Uses the complete supplied 1,200 × 1,941 scan from the 19 June 2018 file-history entry, including margins and catalogue scale, rather than the later cropped version. WebP conversion only; no cropping, enlargement, colourisation or restoration.
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John Cadbury
Richard Cadbury family-book compilation and home sketch, with unidentified nineteenth-century portrait makers; plate published facing page 42 in Helen Cadbury Alexander, Richard Cadbury of Birmingham (Hodder and Stoughton, 1906), digitized by Internet Archive / California Digital Library. John Cadbury is seated at upper left; Candia is at upper right. Public-domain plate: Richard died in 1899; the otherwise unidentified historical photographs were published by 1906, beyond the UK anonymous-work term, and the edition predates 1931 for US purposes. The book’s later literary text is not claimed to be public domain worldwide. Complete supplied 2366 × 4048 page, including portraits, silhouettes, sketch and caption, reduced to 1200 × 2053 and converted to WebP without additional cropping, enlargement or restoration.
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Josiah Wedgwood
Wellcome Library, London / Wellcome Images, L0001806, Portrait of Josiah Wedgwood after Sir J. Reynolds; historical engraving after the Reynolds portrait, exact print date not supplied. Digital image released under CC BY 4.0 and supplied via Wikimedia Commons. Complete 1224 × 1528 frame reduced to 1000 × 1248 and converted to WebP, without additional cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. A historical artwork, not a photograph from Wedgwood’s lifetime; no endorsement implied.
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Jane Austen
1870 A Memoir of Jane Austen frontispiece, after James Andrews’s posthumous reinterpretation of Cassandra Austen’s sketch; Richard Bentley, publisher. Public-domain nineteenth-century artwork and publication, original unrestored scan via Wikimedia Commons. Complete supplied 5866 × 9766 page, including margins, stains, lettering and damaged paper edges, proportionally reduced to 961 × 1600 and converted to WebP without cropping, enlargement, restoration or retouching. A posthumous Victorian interpretation, not a photograph or a portrait drawn from life.
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Thomas Hardy
Thomas Hardy, circa 1910–1915; Bain News Service, publisher, George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress, LCCN 2014693411, ggbain.13585. The Library’s original Flickr record states no known restrictions on publication; the exact Commons record documents public-domain expiry. Complete supplied LOC 734 × 1024 portrait scan, including the photographic borders, studio imprint and negative annotations, converted to WebP without cropping, enlargement, restoration or retouching. Bain is credited as publisher, not assumed to be the individual photographer.
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Emmeline Pankhurst
Portrait marked Matzene, Chicago; Bain News Service, publisher, 1912. Library of Congress, George Grantham Bain Collection, LC-DIG-ggbain-12112, via Wikimedia Commons. Catalogue date 16 May 1912 may be the later Bain publication or recording date. Public domain (PD-Bain and PD-old-70-1923). Complete supplied glass-negative scan retained, including border, handwriting and studio mark; proportionally reduced from 4,153 × 5,754 to 1,200 × 1,663 WebP. No cropping, enlargement, restoration or colourisation.
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William Ewart Gladstone
Unknown photographer, circa 1860. National Library of Wales, Welsh Portrait Collection, item 4672752, via Wikimedia Commons; public domain (PD-old-100). Complete supplied 1,200 × 2,166 scan retained, including photograph mount and library catalogue scale. WebP conversion only; no cropping, enlargement, restoration or colourisation.
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Thomas Lipton
Bain News Service, publisher; photographer unidentified. Sir Thomas Lipton, 25 October 1909, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, George Grantham Bain Collection, digital ID ggbain.04328. Library of Congress states no known copyright restrictions on publication and distribution of this collection. Complete supplied 1024 × 760 source frame, including glass-negative border and inscriptions, converted to WebP at the same dimensions without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. The cropped Commons derivative is used only to cross-check identity and date. No endorsement implied.
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Mary Quant
Jack de Nijs / Anefo, Mary Quant arriving at Schiphol, 16 December 1966; Nationaal Archief, collection 2.24.01.05, negative 919-8890. Exact full-frame file released under CC0 1.0 and supplied via Wikimedia Commons. Complete 2406 × 3648 photograph reduced to 1200 × 1819 and converted to WebP without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. No endorsement implied.
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Mary Shelley
Mary Shelley, Richard Rothwell, circa 1831–1840, exhibited 1840; National Portrait Gallery, NPG 1235. Public-domain painting by an artist who died in 1868; faithful print scan via Wikimedia Commons, using the 5 July 2008 revision before the documented 2009 and 2020 removal of marks and aspect-ratio alteration. Complete supplied 1218 × 1497 scan, including its scratches and surface marks, converted to WebP at the original dimensions without cropping, enlargement, restoration or retouching. Historical artwork, not a photograph; the museum does not establish a single exact sitting date.
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Oscar Wilde
Oscar Wilde, Napoleon Sarony, January 1882, albumen silver print; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Purchase, Ann Tenenbaum and Thomas H. Lee Gift, 2005, accession 2005.100.120. Exact museum item marked Public Domain and released through the Met Open Access programme under CC0 for unrestricted commercial and noncommercial use. Complete supplied 704 × 1200 museum image, including the card mount, Sarony signature, printed name and 1882 copyright imprint, converted to WebP at the original dimensions without cropping, enlargement, restoration or retouching. Genuine historical photograph.
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David Lloyd George
Unknown photographer; Bain News Service, publisher, circa 1910–1915. Library of Congress, George Grantham Bain Collection, LC-DIG-ggbain-19019, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain (PD-Bain; Commons also records PD-anon-expired). Complete 4,122 × 5,691 supplied scan, including negative edges, handwriting and surface marks, proportionally reduced to 1,200 × 1,656 WebP. No cropping, enlargement, restoration or colourisation.
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Harold Wilson
Eric Koch / Anefo, 27 February 1967, press conference in The Hague. Nationaal Archief, collection 2.24.01.05, file 920-1165, via Wikimedia Commons. CC0 1.0. Complete supplied 2,406 × 3,648 frame proportionally reduced to 1,200 × 1,819 WebP; grain, marks and surrounding detail retained. No cropping, enlargement, restoration or colourisation.
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William Hesketh Lever
Bain News Service, publisher; photographer unidentified. Lord Leverhulme, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, George Grantham Bain Collection, digital ID ggbain.15563, LCCN 2014695537. The Library states no known copyright restrictions on publication and distribution. Complete supplied 754 × 1024 source JPEG, including glass-negative border, handwritten title and visible damage, converted to WebP at the same dimensions without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. No precise sitting date asserted; no endorsement implied.
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Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Robert Howlett (1831–1858), Isambard Kingdom Brunel Standing Before the Launching Chains of the Great Eastern, 1857, printed 1863–64; albumen silver print from glass negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Purchase, Harriette and Noel Levine Gift, 2005, object 2005.100.11. Public Domain / Met Open Access. Complete supplied 2852 × 3857 mounted view DP-510-026, including margins, signature, inscriptions and edges, reduced to 1200 × 1623 and converted to WebP without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. No endorsement implied.
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John Lennon
John Lennon at the far right of the Beatles’ Schiphol press conference, 5 June 1964; from left, Jimmie Nicol (temporarily replacing Ringo Starr), Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Lennon. Harry Pot / Anefo, Nationaal Archief, collection 2.24.01.05, negative 916-5130. The exact archive record explicitly releases the photograph under CC0. Complete 3648 × 2406 supplied original, including the other people, microphones, flowers and negative marks; proportionally reduced to 1500 × 989 and converted to WebP without cropping, enlargement, restoration or retouching. A genuine 1964 press photograph, not an Imagine recording-session image.
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H. G. Wells
H. G. Wells, Bain News Service, catalogued 1915; Library of Congress, George Grantham Bain Collection, LCCN 2014701258, digital ID ggbain.21320. The exact Wikimedia Commons record identifies the item as public domain in its country of origin under life-plus-70 terms and in the United States as published before 1931, and reproduces the Library’s no-known-restrictions statement. This is the complete 735 × 1024 Library of Congress service image, with its white negative border, handwritten name and plate number preserved, converted to WebP at its supplied dimensions without cropping, enlargement, restoration or retouching. Genuine historical photograph; it does not depict the writing of The Time Machine.
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Tony Blair
Paul Morse / White House Photo Office, 17 July 2003. Tony Blair at left with George W. Bush in the White House Cross Hall. US National Archives identifier 122668135, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: official-duty US federal government photograph. Complete supplied 665 × 1,000 frame converted to WebP at its original dimensions; no cropping, enlargement, retouching or colour alteration.
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Theresa May
Shealah Craighead / The White House, 27 January 2017. Theresa May at left and Donald Trump at their East Room press conference. White House Flickr item 33971297343, via Wikimedia Commons; official-duty US federal government photograph, public domain, with Commons Flickr licence review. Complete supplied 2,048 × 1,365 frame proportionally reduced to 1,200 × 800 WebP; no cropping, enlargement or retouching. No endorsement implied.
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Barbara Castle
National Archives of Malawi, Barbara Castle at left with finance minister John Tembo, between 18 October 1964 and 23 December 1965. Via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0; permission recorded as VRT ticket 2014101710017307. The complete 1 August 2014 upload, 998 × 677 including its border and surface marks, was converted to WebP at original dimensions. The later border-cropped revision was not used. No cropping, enlargement or restoration; this reproduction remains CC BY-SA 4.0.
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Aneurin Bevan
Geoff Charles / National Library of Wales, 3 October 1952, Corwen. Commons item 1466783, titled “Aneurin Bevan and his wife Jenny Lee in Corwen”; Bevan is shown speaking with other attendees retained. CC BY-SA 4.0. Complete supplied 1,250 × 1,723 frame proportionally reduced to 1,200 × 1,654 WebP; marks and surrounding scene retained. No cropping, enlargement or restoration; this reproduction remains CC BY-SA 4.0.
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Alan Sugar
Damien Everett, Sir Alan Sugar at the BAFTA awards, 26 April 2009, via Flickr and Wikimedia Commons; CC BY 2.0. Complete original 3264 × 2176 frame, including the accompanying woman, reduced proportionally to 1200 × 800 and converted to WebP. No cropping, enlargement, retouching, mirroring or restoration; no endorsement implied.
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Martha Lane Fox
Government Digital Service (gdsteam), Martha Lane-Fox at Sprint14, 29 January 2014; Flickr 12208228633, CC BY 2.0. Uses the complete 5616 × 3744 original Commons upload revision of 8 February 2018, before the later crop, reduced to 1200 × 800 and converted to WebP. Lectern, microphones and complete supplied frame retained; no cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. No endorsement implied.
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Charles Rolls
Unknown photographer, photographic interview of Charles Stewart Rolls, The Sketch, volume XL, number 519, 7 January 1903, p.451; supplied nine-panel scan via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: published before 1931 in the United States; anonymous UK photographs published more than seventy years ago, with no photographer identified in the supplied scan or record after bounded enquiry. All nine photographs, borders and captions retained at the supplied 919 × 1283 dimensions; WebP conversion only, without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. This is the complete supplied interview image, not a claim to reproduce the complete magazine page or issue.
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Henry Royce
Unknown artist, Sir Henry Royce, posthumous oil-on-canvas portrait, 1939–1946, The National Archives (UK), INF3/4, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain under expired UK Government Crown copyright for artistic works created before 1976; Commons records VRT permission ticket 2012051010007684. Complete supplied 2653 × 3340 canvas view, including visible wear, reduced to 1200 × 1511 and converted to WebP without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. An artwork, not a photograph taken during Royce’s life; no endorsement implied.
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Elton John
Elton John performing at Skagerak Arena, Skien, Norway, 20 June 2009. Photograph by Ernst Vikne, originally published on Flickr (3644462743), CC BY-SA 2.0; the exact Commons record records the contemporaneous Flickr licence review. Complete 3825 × 2549 supplied photograph proportionally reduced to 1500 × 1000 and converted to WebP, retaining the piano and microphone, without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. This WebP is offered under the same CC BY-SA 2.0 licence. A genuine concert photograph, not an image of the 1967 partnership or a recording session.
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Adele
Adele at the SSE Hydro, Glasgow, 26 March 2016, photographed by marcen27 (Marc E.), Flickr photograph 26102821816, CC BY 2.0, licence reviewed on Commons on 30 March 2016. The complete original 2016 upload is used rather than the 2021 levels-adjusted revision or either cropped derivative. Its 4000 × 3000 encoded pixels carry orientation 6; displayed upright at 3000 × 4000, proportionally reduced to 1125 × 1500 and converted to WebP. No cropping, enlargement, colour adjustment, retouching or restoration. Genuine 2016 concert photograph, not a 2011 album-session image.
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Charlie Chaplin
Charlie Chaplin seated at a desk, Bain News Service, catalogued 1915, Library of Congress, George Grantham Bain Collection, LCCN 2014701081, digital ID ggbain.21143. The exact Commons record identifies the photograph as public domain (PD-Bain and PD-old-70-expired) and reproduces the Library’s no-known-restrictions statement. Complete 746 × 1024 LOC service image, retaining the glass-negative border, handwritten name, plate number, scratches and desk, converted to WebP at its supplied dimensions without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. The larger Commons JPEG has an enlargement in its history and is not used. Genuine historical portrait; not a still from either featured film.
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Alfred Hitchcock
Alfred Hitchcock, 1956, Fred Palumbo, New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, digital ID cph.3c21483. The exact Commons record identifies this as a pre-1968 staff photograph placed in the public domain under the collection’s instrument of gift, rather than an externally supplied news-agency image. Complete 2414 × 3000 original Commons upload, preceding its cropped revision, retaining the black border and handwritten number; proportionally reduced to 1207 × 1500 and converted to WebP without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. Genuine portrait, four years before Psycho; not a production still.
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John Major
Darren Mooney, 21 November 2007, John Major at the Hist Inaugural. Author released the photograph into the public domain worldwide, with an unrestricted-use fallback, via Wikimedia Commons. Complete 1,031 × 1,187 original upload preserved from the 27 November 2012 revision and converted to WebP at original dimensions. The later cropped and levels-adjusted revision was not used. No cropping, enlargement or retouching.
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Shirley Williams
Keith Edkins, 12 March 2010, Shirley Williams addressing a Liberal Democrat conference rally at the International Convention Centre, Birmingham. Own-work photograph via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Complete 1,560 × 1,404 frame proportionally reduced to 1,200 × 1,080 WebP, retaining the lectern and background. No cropping, enlargement or retouching; this reproduction remains CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Betty Boothroyd
Chris McAndrew / UK Parliament, March 2018, official photograph of Baroness Boothroyd, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Full-frame publisher thumbnail, 960 × 1,344, converted to WebP at the supplied dimensions. No cropping, enlargement or retouching; the publisher’s full-resolution file was unavailable at acquisition.
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Benjamin Disraeli
Cornelius Jabez Hughes, 22 July 1878, carte-de-visite photograph of Benjamin Disraeli taken at Osborne by command of Queen Victoria. Scan via Soldiers of the Queen and Wikimedia Commons; public domain: Hughes died in 1884 and the photograph was published in 1878. Complete supplied 804 × 1,200 card, including border, inscription and marks, converted to WebP at original dimensions. No cropping, enlargement, restoration or colour alteration.
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Deborah Meaden
ArtLover1953, Deborah Meaden (left), Patrick van der Vorst (centre) and Theo Paphitis (right), after a Dragons’ Den appearance, 8 September 2011, via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Complete supplied 1086 × 724 photograph converted to WebP at the same dimensions; all three people and background retained. No cropping, enlargement, colour editing, retouching or restoration; WebP version available under the same licence. A contextual group photograph, not a photograph of a televised pitch; no endorsement implied.
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Clive Sinclair
Adrian Pingstone (Arpingstone), Clive Sinclair meeting young inventors in Bristol, 1992; author’s worldwide public-domain dedication, via Wikimedia Commons. Uses the complete 600 × 722 original upload revision of 29 January 2005, before the later colour edit, with both young inventors and their equipment retained. WebP conversion only at supplied dimensions; no cropping, enlargement, colour editing, retouching or restoration. No endorsement implied.
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George Stephenson
Thomas Lewis Atkinson after John Lucas, George Stephenson, engraving with mezzotint published by H. Graves, London, 1849; supplied reproduction from Ketterer Kunst via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: nineteenth-century publication and artists deceased more than a century ago; Atkinson is dated 1817–circa 1890 by the National Portrait Gallery, and Lucas died in 1874. Complete supplied 570 × 892 image, including paper borders and visible marks, converted to WebP without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. A posthumous artwork, not a photograph of Stephenson.
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Matthew Boulton
Carl Frederik von Breda (1759–1818), oil portrait of Matthew Boulton, Birmingham Museums Trust, accession 1987V106, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: artist died in 1818 and the artwork was published before 1931; faithful two-dimensional reproduction. Commons leaves the date as “1772 or 1792?”, so no exact sitting date is asserted. Complete supplied 796 × 1000 canvas view converted to WebP at the same dimensions, with no cropping, enlargement, colour editing, retouching or restoration. An artwork, not a photograph taken during Boulton’s life.
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Agatha Christie
Agatha Christie seated at Schiphol Airport with other people, 17 September 1964, holding a rose. Joop van Bilsen / Anefo, Nationaal Archief item 916-8896, CC0 1.0. The complete 2632 × 3304 supplied photograph, including the people at both edges and the table, was proportionally reduced to 1195 × 1500 and converted to WebP. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. A genuine 1964 airport photograph, not a scene from the 1934 novel.
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Virginia Woolf
Virginia Woolf in 1902, photographed by George Charles Beresford (1864–1938). Public domain: identified creator died in 1938; Commons records PD-old-80-expired and pre-1931 publication. The original, expressly distinguished from its restoration derivatives, was downloaded at 2924 × 3994 and proportionally reduced to 1098 × 1500 WebP. Complete supplied frame retained, without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. This is an early portrait, not a photograph of Woolf writing either 1920s work.
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Arthur Conan Doyle
Arthur Conan Doyle photographed by Walter Benington in 1914. Benington died in 1936; the exact Commons record identifies public domain in the source country and pre-1931 US publication. The complete 517 × 682 original PNG, restored to the current file on 2 July 2026 by reverting the 2023 AI-enhanced revision, was converted to a 517 × 682 WebP. No enlargement, cropping, retouching or restoration. The supplied edges and chair are retained; no AI-enhanced version is used.
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Benjamin Britten
RIA Novosti archive, image #25562 / Mikhail Ozerskiy / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Mstislav Rostropovich, left with cello, and Benjamin Britten, right holding flowers, after a concert at the Moscow Conservatory, 1 November 1964. The exact partnership-supplied 715 × 1024 JPEG was converted to a 715 × 1024 WebP, offered under CC BY-SA 3.0. Complete supplied frame retained, without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. This is a later concert photograph, not the Peter Grimes premiere.
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Harold Macmillan
Abbie Rowe / White House Photographs, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, 5 April 1961, AR6485-A. Harold Macmillan at left walking with President Kennedy; other participants and the West Wing colonnade remain visible. Official-duty US federal government photograph, public domain. Complete 2,364 × 3,000 supplied original reduced proportionally to 1,200 × 1,523 WebP. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or AI processing.
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James Callaghan
Marion S. Trikosko / U.S. News & World Report Collection, Library of Congress, 10 March 1977, LC2017658342. Photograph of James Callaghan at a White House lectern. Public domain under the publisher’s dedication of its staff work-for-hire photographs, not merely because the location is governmental. Complete 4,702 × 3,256 frame, including negative borders, reduced to 1,200 × 831 WebP. No cropping, enlargement or retouching.
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Nancy Astor
Lallie Charles, portrait of Nancy Astor published 14 March 1906; Bain News Service glass-negative copy, Library of Congress, ggbain.00583 / LCCN2014680579. Public domain: Charles died in 1919 and the portrait was published in 1906; the Bain collection also has no known restrictions. Unmodified 4,298 × 5,922 LOC master TIFF, including plate edges, handwriting and marks, reduced to 1,200 × 1,653 WebP. No cropping, enlargement, cleanup or restoration.
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Mary Wollstonecraft
James Heath, engraving after John Opie, circa 1797, published as the frontispiece to William Godwin’s Memoirs, second edition, 1798; historical book scan via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: Heath died in 1834, Opie in 1807, and publication predates 1931. Complete supplied 788 × 1,052 PNG, including oval and engraved artist lettering, converted to WebP at original dimensions. No cropping, enlargement or restoration. This is an engraving, not a photograph.
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James Watt
Carl Frederik von Breda (1759–1818), James Watt, 1792, Science Museum, accession 1987-580, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: artist died in 1818 and the artwork was published before 1931; faithful two-dimensional reproduction. Complete supplied 964 × 1200 canvas view, including inscription and visible marks, converted to WebP at the same dimensions. No cropping, enlargement, retouching, colour editing or restoration. An artwork, not a photograph of Watt.
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Richard Arkwright
Joseph Wright of Derby (1734–1797), Sir Richard Arkwright, circa 1789–90, supplied reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: artist died in 1797 and the artwork was published before 1931; faithful two-dimensional reproduction. Complete supplied 476 × 780 painting view, including the machinery beside Arkwright, converted to WebP at the same dimensions without cropping, enlargement, retouching, colour editing or restoration. An artwork, not a photograph. No current collection location is inferred from Commons categories.
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William Morris
Frederick Hollyer (died 1933), William Morris aged 53, photograph circa 1887, first published in J. W. Mackail’s The Life of William Morris, 1899; Google Books scan via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: named photographer deceased more than 80 years and publication before 1931. Uses the complete 443 × 574 original upload of 18 August 2008, before later replacement and tonal edits. Supplied photographic frame and marks retained; WebP conversion only, with no cropping, enlargement, retouching, colour editing or restoration.
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Robert Owen
Henry Thomas Ryall (1811–1867), after William Henry Brooke (1772–1860), Robert Owen, stipple engraving published in London on 17 January 1835; National Library of Wales, Welsh Portrait Collection, item 4674544, via its Wikimedia Commons upload. Public domain: named artists deceased more than 100 years and publication before 1931, corroborated by the visible plate imprint and National Portrait Gallery catalogue. Complete 1200 × 1731 supplied scan proportionally reduced to 1109 × 1600 WebP, retaining all paper, marks, lettering and the NLW ruler/banner. No cropping, enlargement, retouching, colour editing or restoration. An artwork, not a photograph.
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Robert Louis Stevenson
Robert Louis Stevenson, oil portrait by John Singer Sargent, 1887, Taft Museum of Art. Sargent died in 1925; the exact Commons record identifies PD-Art and pre-1931 US publication. The record’s complete 960 × 796 publisher preview was used because the 1138 × 944 full-resolution download returned HTTP 429. Converted to WebP at the supplied dimensions, retaining chair, hands, legs, background and signature. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. This is a painted portrait, not a photograph or an illustration from either novel.
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J. M. W. Turner
J. M. W. Turner, Self-Portrait, about 1799, oil on canvas, Tate N00458. Turner died in 1851; the exact Commons record identifies PD-Art and pre-1931 US publication. Current 20 July 2022 larger Tate-sourced file, not the earlier file-history remaster. Complete 3601 × 4622 JPEG proportionally reduced to 1168 × 1500 WebP, without cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. This portrait is biographical context, not The Fighting Temeraire.
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William Blake
William Blake, 1807 oil portrait by Thomas Phillips, National Portrait Gallery NPG 212. Phillips died in 1845; the exact Commons record identifies PD-Art and pre-1931 US publication. Complete 863 × 1114 original PNG from the file’s sole 20 September 2015 upload, converted to same-size WebP. The differently named remastered-colour derivative is not used. Chair, drawing hand and supplied edges retained; no cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. A painted portrait, not a photograph or a Songs plate.
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Edward Elgar
Edward Elgar, drawing signed and dated 1919 by William Rothenstein, reproduced in Music & Letters, volume 1, number 1, January 1920, page 7. Rothenstein died in 1945; this pre-1931 published drawing is public domain in the UK and US, as recorded on the exact Commons PD-scan item. Complete 574 × 724 JPEG scan converted to same-size WebP, retaining the paper edges and signature. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. An artwork, not a photograph of the 1899 premiere.
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Ramsay MacDonald
Kadel & Herbert, Ramsay MacDonald, halftone published in The New York Times, 13 January 1924, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain through US publication before 1931. Complete supplied 1,319 × 1,584 newspaper image, including margins and marks, proportionally reduced to 1,000 × 1,201 WebP. No cropping, enlargement, restoration or AI processing.
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William Wilberforce
John Rising, William Wilberforce, circa 1790, Wilberforce House, Hull, KINCM:2006.9254. Public-domain painting: the Commons creator record gives Rising’s death as 1815, and records publication before 1931. Faithful reproduction, using the supplied 21 July 2009 file rather than the later colour-adjusted version; complete 450 × 565 image converted at original dimensions. This is an artwork, not a photograph of the living sitter.
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Millicent Fawcett
Ford Madox Brown (1821–1893), Henry Fawcett and Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett, 1872, National Portrait Gallery, NPG 1603, via Wikimedia Commons. Millicent is at right. Public-domain artwork and faithful reproduction (PD-Art); Commons also records historical NPG reproduction claims. Complete supplied painting, both sitters and top inscription retained. After two HTTP 429 original-download responses, the observed same-record 960 × 1,242 preview was converted without enlargement or retouching.
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Elizabeth II
Harry Pot / Anefo, Nationaal Archief, 909-4432, 27 March 1958. Elizabeth II is seated at the left of the central group during a visit to the hydraulic laboratory in Delft, Netherlands. CC0 1.0. Complete group and laboratory frame retained. Original download returned HTTP 429 twice; the observed same-record 1,280 × 1,028 preview was proportionally reduced to 1,200 × 964 WebP. No cropping, enlargement or retouching. This is a 1958 visit, not the 1953 coronation.
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George Cadbury
George Cadbury, printed portrait reproduced in F. H. Stead’s How Old Age Pensions Began to Be (1909), Wellcome Library, London, M0013563, via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY 4.0. Original photographer not identified; reuse rests on the item-specific licence, not an assumed photographer lifespan. Complete supplied 2811 × 3773 scan, including border, paper and printed name, proportionally reduced to 1043 × 1400 WebP. No cropping, enlargement, retouching, colour editing or restoration. Commons file revision: 24 October 2014, 11:35 UTC.
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Joseph Whitworth
Thomas Benjamin Kennington (1856–1916), Sir Joseph Whitworth, oil on canvas, Whitworth Art Gallery, accession O.1908.1; supplied reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: artist died in 1916 and artwork published before 1931. Complete 500 × 663 publisher-supplied preview from the sole file revision, 3 May 2025, 16:28 UTC, converted to WebP at the same dimensions after two HTTP 429 responses for the 905 × 1200 full file. No cropping, enlargement, retouching, colour editing or restoration. An artwork, not a photograph; exact painting year is not established in this record.
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William George Armstrong
George Frederic Watts (1817–1904), Sir William George Armstrong, 1878, oil on canvas, National Trust, Cragside, accession 1230213, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: artist died in 1904 and artwork published before 1931. Complete 500 × 617 publisher-supplied preview from the sole file revision, 4 July 2020, 01:53 UTC, converted to WebP without enlargement after two HTTP 429 responses for the 972 × 1200 full file. No cropping, retouching, colour editing or restoration. An artwork, not a photograph.
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Thomas Telford
William Raddon, after Samuel Lane (1780–1859), engraved portrait of Thomas Telford published in the 1838 Atlas to the Life of Thomas Telford; RCAHMS source via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: NPG records Raddon as active 1817–died 1848, Lane died in 1859, and publication was before 1931. Complete supplied 250 × 302 preview from the sole Commons revision, 23 February 2008, 14:48 UTC; WebP conversion only after two HTTP 429 responses for the 397 × 480 file. This small reproduction has limited detail. No cropping, enlargement, retouching, colour editing or restoration. An engraving, not a photograph.
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Charlotte Brontë
The Brontë Sisters, circa 1834, oil on canvas by Patrick Branwell Brontë (1817–1848), National Portrait Gallery NPG 1725. Anne is at the left, Emily in the centre and Charlotte at the right. The complete damaged group portrait is retained for both sisters. Commons records PD-Art and pre-1931 US publication. The sole 29 March 2009 original file, 2400 × 2908, was reduced proportionally to 1238 × 1500 WebP. A stray restoration description on the base record conflicts with its upload history; the separately identified 17 April 2009 digital restoration was checked and not used. The painted central pillar belongs to the historical work, not a new edit. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration.
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Emily Brontë
The Brontë Sisters, circa 1834, oil on canvas by Patrick Branwell Brontë (1817–1848), National Portrait Gallery NPG 1725. Anne is at the left, Emily in the centre and Charlotte at the right. The complete damaged group portrait is retained for both sisters. Commons records PD-Art and pre-1931 US publication. The sole 29 March 2009 original file, 2400 × 2908, was reduced proportionally to 1238 × 1500 WebP. A stray restoration description on the base record conflicts with its upload history; the separately identified 17 April 2009 digital restoration was checked and not used. The painted central pillar belongs to the historical work, not a new edit. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration.
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Elizabeth Gaskell
Elizabeth Gaskell, George Richmond’s 1851 portrait, reproduced as a monochrome book illustration. Richmond lived 1809–1896; Commons identifies public domain through his death and pre-1931 publication. Current 8 August 2011 scan from Mrs Gaskell by Chadwick, rather than the earlier 2005 scan. The complete supplied 533 × 730 JPEG was converted to same-size WebP, retaining shoulders and paper background. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. A portrait artwork reproduced in print, not a photograph.
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John Constable
John Constable, circa 1799, oil portrait by Ramsay Richard Reinagle (1775–1862), National Portrait Gallery NPG 1786. Commons records public domain by life plus 70 years and pre-1931 US publication. Sole file upload: 18 March 2026, NPG source, complete 1534 × 1842 JPEG. Proportionally reduced to 1249 × 1500 WebP, with the hand, chair, curtain and supplied edges retained. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. This is a portrait artwork, not The Hay Wain.
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Neville Chamberlain
William Orpen (1878–1931), Neville Chamberlain, 1929, oil on canvas, Parliamentary Art Collection WOA 6771; Sotheby’s reproduction via Wikimedia Commons. Public-domain artwork and faithful reproduction (PD-Art); the record documents the Royal Academy exhibition of 1929 and pre-1931 publication. After two HTTP 429 original-file responses, the observed same-record 960 × 1,219 full-frame preview was converted at its supplied dimensions. No crop, enlargement, restoration, colour adjustment or AI processing. This is a painting, not a photograph.
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Stanley Baldwin
Samuel Johnson Woolf (1880–1948), drawing of Stanley Baldwin published in The New York Times, 19 August 1923, “New Alignment Likely”, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: artist’s life plus 70 years and US publication before 1931. Complete supplied 1,635 × 2,106 PNG proportionally reduced to 1,000 × 1,288 WebP, with all white space retained. No cropping, restoration, enlargement or retouching. This is a published drawing, not a photograph.
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David Cameron
Number 10, David Cameron, official photograph, 3 August 2010, Flickr 8947770804 via Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Complete supplied 2,832 × 4,256 photograph proportionally reduced to 1,000 × 1,503 WebP. No crop, enlargement, colour editing, retouching or AI processing.
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Harriet Harman
Chris McAndrew / UK Parliament, official portrait of Harriet Harman, June 2017, via Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 3.0. Complete supplied 3,796 × 5,315 photograph, including headroom and hands, proportionally reduced to 1,000 × 1,400 WebP. No crop, enlargement, colour editing or retouching. It depicts her as an MP in 2017.
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Diane Abbott
Chris McAndrew / UK Parliament, official portrait of Diane Abbott, June 2017, via Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 3.0. Complete supplied 3,797 × 5,315 photograph proportionally reduced to 1,000 × 1,400 WebP. No crop, enlargement, colour editing or retouching.
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John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
Sir Francis Grant (1803–1878), John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, 1853, National Portrait Gallery NPG 1121, via Wikimedia Commons. Public-domain artwork and faithful reproduction (PD-Art); the record also discloses historical NPG reproduction claims. Complete supplied 1,200 × 2,215 painting, including his feet, furniture and papers, proportionally reduced to 867 × 1,600 WebP. No cropping, enlargement, restoration or colour editing. This is a painting.
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Robert Stephenson
Daniel John Pound, engraving of Robert Stephenson after a photograph by Mayall, 1860. Wellcome Library, London, V0005614, via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY 4.0. Complete supplied 2365 × 3538 scan, including paper, engraved caption and publication marks, proportionally reduced to 936 × 1400 WebP. Artwork, not a direct photograph. Sole file revision: 27 October 2014, 01:41 UTC. No crop, enlargement, retouching, colour edit or restoration.
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Herbert Austin
Herbert Austin, historical photographic portrait, date and photographer not established. Birmingham Museums Trust / Thinktank, via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0, confirmed copyright-holder permission VRT ticket 2015020510014668. Embedded credit: Houlton Archive rights from Thinktank development. Sole file revision: 23 April 2015, 12:39 UTC. Complete 500 × 729 publisher preview converted to WebP at native size after two HTTP 429 responses for the 702 × 1024 file. No crop, enlargement, retouching, colour edit or restoration.
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Henry Bessemer
Lock & Whitfield, portrait of Sir Henry Bessemer, circa 1876–1881, Woodburytype in a complete two-page album scan; Rijksmuseum RP-F-2001-7-235. E-29, via Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0. The adjacent biographical page, binding, margins and marks are retained. Sole file revision: 16 December 2019, 09:14 UTC. Complete 960 × 613 publisher preview converted to WebP at native size after two HTTP 429 responses for the 7162 × 4570 file. No crop, enlargement, retouching, colour edit or restoration.
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Henry Wellcome
Henry Wellcome in a fur-collared coat, 1890; record describes Van de Verde, 182 Regent Street, London, but lists photographer as unknown. Wellcome Library, London, via Wikimedia Commons; explicit CC BY 4.0. Sole file revision: 22 May 2014, 07:03 UTC. Complete 500 × 655 publisher preview converted to WebP at native size after two HTTP 429 responses for the 2608 × 3416 file. No crop, enlargement, retouching, colour edit or restoration.
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Richard Trevithick
John Linnell (1792–1882), Richard Trevithick, 1816, oil on canvas, Science Museum, Bennet Woodcroft Bequest, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain: named artist died in 1882; the painting was publicly documented in the nineteenth-century DNB and the record carries the pre-1931 US publication tag. Complete supplied 974 × 1200 reproduction converted to WebP without enlargement. Sole file revision: 20 April 2016, 10:32 UTC. Artwork, not a photograph of the living sitter; no crop, retouching, colour edit or restoration.
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Charles Tennant
J. G. Murray, mezzotint of Charles Tennant after Andrew Geddes; Wellcome Library, London, V0005755, via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY 4.0. Artwork, not a photograph. Complete 500 × 650 publisher preview, including paper, inscription and signature, converted to WebP at native size after two HTTP 429 responses for the 2302 × 2992 file. Sole file revision: 27 October 2014, 02:22 UTC. No crop, enlargement, retouching, colour edit or restoration.
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George Eliot
George Eliot, posthumous memory sketch by George Richmond (1809–1896), 1881, graphite, Metropolitan Museum of Art 2013.83, Purchase, Brooke Russell Astor Bequest, 2013. The Met identifies the drawing as public domain; the exact Commons file is CC0. Sole 18 July 2017 upload, complete 1123 × 1641 JPEG, reduced to 1027 × 1500 WebP. The entire supplied sheet, paper damage, profile and dated memory inscription remain. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration; this is an artwork made after Eliot’s death.
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Lewis Carroll
Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), 1863, albumen silver print from a glass negative by Oscar Gustave Rejlander (1813–1875). Exact Commons/JSTOR community.27268878 record supplies CC0. Sole 11 July 2022 upload, complete 2480 × 3849 JPEG reduced proportionally to 966 × 1500 WebP. The full supplied photograph, mount, surrounding margin and marks remain. The JPEG decoder reported extraneous marker bytes; tolerant decoding produced the complete visible image. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration.
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Anne Brontë
The Brontë Sisters, circa 1834, oil on canvas by Patrick Branwell Brontë (1817–1848), National Portrait Gallery NPG 1725. Anne is at the left, Emily in the centre and Charlotte at the right. Commons records PD-Art and pre-1931 US publication. The complete damaged 29 March 2009 original, 2400 × 2908, was reduced to 1238 × 1500 WebP. Its bytes match the original verified for the Charlotte and Emily profiles. The separately identified 17 April 2009 digital restoration is excluded despite stray restored wording on the base record. All figures, canvas damage, lower portions and historical painted pillar remain. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration.
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William Wordsworth
William Wordsworth on Helvellyn, 1842, oil on canvas by Benjamin Robert Haydon (1786–1846), National Portrait Gallery NPG 1857. Exact Commons Yorck Project reproduction records PD-Art, the creator’s death and pre-1931 US publication, while disclosing the historical NPG reproduction claim. Sole 19 May 2005 upload, complete 2024 × 2481 JPEG reduced to 1224 × 1500 WebP. Hands, book, clothing, landscape and supplied edges remain. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration.
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Arthur Sullivan
Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan, 1888, oil on canvas by John Everett Millais (1829–1896), National Portrait Gallery NPG 1325. Exact Commons PD-Art record supplies life-plus-100 and expired US publication status. Current 12 February 2020 NPG-sourced revision, 800 × 1056 JPEG, converted at the same dimensions to WebP; the earlier 2011 295 × 384 revision was not used. Complete supplied painting with seated figure, hands, furniture and lower-left painted marks retained. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration.
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Thomas Gainsborough
Thomas Gainsborough, self-portrait, 1754, oil on canvas, Houghton Hall collection, Yorck Project reproduction. Exact Commons PD-Art record identifies Gainsborough (1727–1788), expired life-plus-100 and pre-1931 US publication status. Sole 19 May 2005 upload, complete 2024 × 2528 JPEG, reduced proportionally to 1201 × 1500 WebP. Hat, shoulders, clothing, background and all supplied edges remain. No cropping, enlargement, retouching or restoration. Author portrait, not The Blue Boy.
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